Characteristic Radiations

Visualize atomic energy levels and allowed transitions.

The readable scale preserves the real ordering and makes the K–L gap dominant without collapsing the M levels.

Selection Rules

  • Δn: unrestricted
  • Δl = ±1
  • Δj = 0, ±1
  • (j=0 ↔ j=0 forbidden)
Select a transition to see its energy and wavelength.

Atomic Subshell Binding Energies